Tugas UAS

Ø  A greeting cards is a card (with a picture in front of and message inside) that you send to someone on their birthday or on a special occasion/holiday.

The Summary of Writing for Functional Text

By : Anisa Mardiyah R.

Greeting Cards

Ø  An example of a greeting card :

                                                                                                                              

Short Message

Ø  A short message is a written piece of information that you send/leave to another person.

Ø  An example of a short message :

 

                                                                                                                                                               

Notice

Ø  Notice is a sign or printed statement that gives information or warning to people.

Ø  An example of a notice :

 

                                                                                                                                                                                              

Caution

Ø  Caution is a warning or piece of advice telling you to be careful.

Ø  An example of a caution :

 

SPOOF

Ø  Spoof                           : A composition that imitates or misrepresent somebody’s style, usually in a  humorous way.

Ø  Purpose                                    : To entertain readers or someone.

Ø  The Generic structure  :1. Orientation

2. Event(s)

3. Twist

Private Conversation

Last week I went to the movie. I had a very good seat because I can looked the film with a good situation. The film was very interesting but I did not enjoy the film because a young man and a young woman sat behind me. They were talking loudly. I want angry because I can’t hear  the actors in film. I want very angry and I turned around. I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily but they did not pay my attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned around again and I said angrily “I can’t hear a word in this film”. It’s not of your business” the young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation” .

NARRATIVE TEXT

Ø  Narrative          : A story that is written to explain what, when, and who. It reveals what a readers       should learn. Narration paragraphs are usually written in chronological order.

Ø  Purpose           : to make the reader feel involved, teach a lesson, help get an idea across or feel emotionally about it.

Ø  The Generic structure  :1. Orientation

2. Complication

3. Sequence of events

4. Resolution

5. Coda

Worst Day

My grandfather’s name is Adjo Kardjo, he died on July 18th 2011 of a heart attack. It was about six in the morning I was sleeping restlessly and the phone rang and I missed it then it rang again. I saw it was my grandfather’s house calling to get me up for the first day of school. To my surprise it was my grandmother crying on the other line. This was the start of the worst day of my life in the short seventeen years I had been alive. She proceeded to tell me that my grandfather has had a heart attack and the ambulance had came and got him. Then the horror began I asked he’s ok right he’s going to be ok . With sorrow in her voice she said Nisa he is dead. Know I started crying and disbelief and ran to my grandmom’s room screaming and yelling. Later my family gathered and remembered the day that I recall as the worst day of my life.

RECOUNT TEXT

Ø  Recount text         : A text that tells the readers about story, action or activities in    ancient.

Ø  Purpose                 : to report an event in ancient to amusing or give an information to readers.

Tour to Batukaras Beach

The tour to Batukaras Beach began  at 08.00 a.m. and it took 4 hours riing to Batukaras Beach. There were so many story that we went to Batukaras Beach by truck, but it was interesting, because it was the first moment that I ever had in touring.

We arrived at Batukaras Beach at 12.00 p.m. and we straight to move to the beach. At the beach we just lied down there to stretch our muscle because of 4 hours riding. We also had a lunch here by eating some foods that we brought from Padaherang. After we had enough rest, we began to explore Batukaras Beach. Started by swimming, rented banana boat and shopping.

We came back to Padaherang at 05.00 p.m. That was very nice experience that I and my friends ever had. We would never forget that moment.

Procedural Text

Ø  A procedure tells how to do or make something.

Ø  A procedure consists of :

1.      Aim/goal

This part tells what will made or done.

2.      Materials

This part is a list of what is needed.

3.      Steps

This part explains how it needs to be done.

Ø  An example of a procedure :

YUMMY  MILKSHAKE

Ingredients :

·        Chocolate ice cream

·        10 coconut biscuits

·        Milk

Steps :

·        Put a few scoops of ice into the blender.

·        Blend with enough milk to make the mixture thick, but fairly liquid.

·        Add the remaining ingredients and blend.

Shopping Lists

Ø Shopping list is a list that you make of all things you want to buy when you go shopping.

Ø An example of a shopping list :

                                                                                                                                                                                            

Food Labels

Ø  A food label can be found on the back of most food product. This label gives information  about  the products, and can be useful if one is trying to eat healthily or one needs to avoid anything one is allergic to.

Ø  An example of a food label :

POP 1000

HEALTHY DRINK

Vitamin Lemon

Healthy & Fresh

Under license by Wellness Foods Indonesia

In a bottle (140 ml) contains :

Vitamin C Energy Protein Fat Carbohydrate Sugar Natrium Vitamin B1 Vitamin E Niacin

100 mg 65 cal 0 g 0 g 16 g 6 g 99 g 1.0      g 2.3 g 2.3 g

tugas uas TI

PRONUNCIATION

By : Anisa Mardiyah R.

What is Pronunciation ?
Pronunciation refers to the ability to use the correct stress, rhythm, and intonation of a word in a spoken language. A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the area in which they grew up, the area in which they now live, if they have a speech or voice disorder, their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.

Vowels

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as an English ah! [ɑː] or oh! [oʊ], pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! [ʃː], where there is a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract. A vowel is also understood to be syllabic: an equivalent open but non-syllabic sound is called a semivowel

Respelling symbol(s)	Example	Symbol	Notes
a	trap	/æ/	Australian /æ/ or /æː/	Scottish /a/
ah	palm	/ɑː/
air	square	/ɛər/
ar	start	/ɑr/	Scottish /ar/
arr	marry	/ær/
aw	thought	/ɔː/	American /ɔ/, /ɒ/, or /ɑ/
ay	face	/eɪ/
ə	about	/ə/ or /ɨ/	Unstressed neutral vowel. (Sometimes i may be used for /ɨ/.)
ər	letter	/ər/ or /ɚ/	Unstressed neutral rhotic vowel
e	dress	/ɛ/
ee	fleece	/iː/ or /i/	also the second vowel of city
eer	near	/ɪər/
err	merry	/ɛr/
ew	ewe, dew	/juː/	American /u/ or /ju/
ewr	cure	/jʊər/
eye	item	/aɪ/	Spelled -y after a consonant. The same vowel as the price example below
i	kit	/ɪ/
irr	mirror	/ɪr/
o	lot	/ɒ/	-o- by itself may be /ɵ/
oh	goat	/oʊ/
oo	food	/uː/	Scottish /ʉ/
oor	poor	/ʊər/
or or ohr	force or wore	/ɔər/	Australian /oː(ɹ)/
or or awr	north or war	/ɔr/		Scottish /ɔr/
orr	orange	/ɒr/
ow	mouth	/aʊ/
owr	hour	/aʊər/
oy	choice	/ɔɪ/
u	strut	/ʌ/
ur	nurse	/ɜr/ or /ɝː/	American /ɜɹ, ɝ/	Scottish /ʌr, ɛr, ɪr/
urr	hurry	/ʌr/
uu	foot	/ʊ/	Scottish /ʉ/
y	price, dye	/aɪ/	with a consonant, otherwise spelled eye. American /aɪ/ or /ʌɪ/
yr	fire	/aɪər/

 Diphthongs

Diphthongs are typically specified with a non-syllabic diacritic, as in ⟨aɪ̯⟩. However, sometimes a tie bar is used, especially if it is difficult to tell if the vowel is characterized by an on-glide or an off-glide: ⟨a͡ɪ⟩ or ⟨o͜e⟩.

Notes

• ⟨a⟩ officially represents a front vowel, but there is little distinction between front and central open vowels, and ⟨a⟩ is frequently used for an open central vowel. However, if disambiguation is required, the retraction diacritic or the centralized diacritic may be added to indicate an open central vowel, as in ⟨a̠⟩ or ⟨ä⟩.

Consonants

The transcription of English consonants in IPA is not subject to any disagreement. Everyone agrees that we give the symbols /p, t, k, b, d, f, v, s, z, m, n, r, l, w, h/ their usual values as in ordinary spelling. The remainder are as shown in the box.

Respelling symbol	Example	Symbol(s)	Notes
b	but, web	/b/
ch	church, nature	/tʃ/
d	do, odd	/d/
dh	this, father, breathe	/ð/	This sound is similar to th /θ/, but voiced.
f	fool, enough, leaf	/f/
g or gh	go, beg, ghee	/ɡ/	Not as in gem or gin, which is j /dʒ/. For legibility, ghee is used instead of gee in a few articles.
h	ham, ahead	/h/
j	gin, joy, edge	/dʒ/
k	cat, kiss, skin, quick	/k/
kh	chutzpah, loch	/x/	Pronounced like h (at the beginning of a syllable) or k (at the end of a syllable) by many speakers
l	left, bell	/l/
m	man, ham	/m/
n	no, tin	/n/
ng	ring, singer, sink	/ŋ/	Not the sound in finger, which is ng-g /ŋɡ/.
ng-g	finger	/ŋɡ/
p	pen, spin, tip	/p/
r	run, very	/r/
s or ss	see, city, pass	/s/	Not as in rose, which is z /z/. Use ss in positions where single s is normally /z/ in English, such as the end of a word after a vowel or a voiced consonant: for example, transliterate "ice" as eyess, not eyes and "tense" as tenss, not tens.
sh	she, sure, emotion, leash	/ʃ/
t	two, sting, bet	/t/
th	thing, teeth	/θ/
v	voice, have	/v/
w	we, quick	/w/
wh	what	/hw/	In many dialects, people substitute w for this sound.
y	yes	/j/
z	zoo, rose, lens	/z/
zh	pleasure, vision, beige	/ʒ/	Some speakers may substitute j /dʒ/ for this sound at the beginning of a word, except in proper names such as Zsa Zsa.

Stress

Likewise, there is no disagreement among IPA users about the symbols for word stress (although there may well be disagreement about the analysis of secondary stress). Primary stress is shown by the mark ', placed before the syllable concerned. (Compare the older, non-IPA, dictionary tradition, where it was shown by the mark ´ after the syllable.) Secondary stress, if shown at all, is indicated by a similar mark below the line.